Electric conductive and sliding resin material

ABSTRACT

The present invention proposes a thermoplastic resin material having both good sliding characteristics and a high electric conductivity and comprising (a) graphite and carbon black, (b) graphite, carbon black, and lubricating oil, (c) carbon black and lubricating oil, or (d) fluorine resin in addition to (a)-(c).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to electric conductive and sliding resinmaterial. More particularly, the present invention relates to resinmaterial to which both sliding characteristics and electric conductivityare imparted so that the material can be used as a cassette reel of aVTR, a rotary member for paper feeding in a copy machine, and parts ofother business and electronic machines.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Recently, demands for VTRs have been rapidly increasing, and theemployment of antistatic resin as cassette reels has greatly contributedto the spreading of and quality enhancement of VTRs since it preventsthe occurrence of electric discharge in the cassette reels during therunning period of a tape, in which period static electricity is liableto be generated due to friction between the tape and the cassette reelsor due to the peeling off of the tape, thereby exerting an adverseeffect on the appearance of the VTR. In addition, during the rotation ofa reel plate which is integrally rotated with a pulley driven by a belt,the reel plate is electrically charged due to friction between the beltand the pulley and then the electric charge is discharged into the ICsof the VTR via the reel plate, with the result that failure of the VTRoccasionally occurs. This failure can be prevented by the employment ofantistatic resin.

Furthermore, in electrostatic-type copy machines, the plastics presentlyused for bearing or supporting paper-feeding rollers can be charged bythe static electricity of the charged paper, with the result that suchproblems as copy unevenness, inaccurate paper feeding due to theadhesion of paper to the paperfeeding roller, and discharge of anelectric charge from the paper-feeding roller can arise. These problemscan be solved by providing a copy machine with an antistatic means or amechanism for peeling off paper adhered on the paper-feeding roller.However, when this is done, since a copy machine mechanism and means arecomplicated, the reliability of the copy machine is lessened and theweight and cost thereof are increased.

Macromolecular materials, such as plastics, usually have a volumeresistivity of 10⁻ Ω·cm or more. Thus, an electric charging phenomenonis very liable to be generated in macromolecular materials due tofriction or the like. When an electric charging phenomenon is generated,dust is adsorbed on the macromolecular materials or an electric impactis imparted to the macromolecular materials. An antistatic agent istherefore blended with the macromolecular materials when a measureagainst dust adsorption is necessary.

Commercially available antistatic macromolecular materials are notsatisfactory for use as the reel plate of a VTR since, in order toimprove the appearance, not only do the components need to be antistaticbut they also need to be highly electric conductive so that the electriccharge is shunted to the ground.

In order to provide plastic materials which have a high resistanceagainst electromagnetic interference, as in the case of plasticmaterials used as housings of electronic devices such as microcomputersand VTRs, an electric conductivity needs to be imparted thereto.

Known methods for imparting electric conductivity to macromolecularmaterials, such as plastics, are: (1) the incorporation of conductivecarbon particles thereinto, (2) the incorporation of metal powder ormetal fiber thereinto, (3) the incorporation of carbon fiber thereinto,and (4) the metallization thereof.

The metallization method (4) can be used for the housings of electronicdevices and for ICs but cannot be used for sliding members, such asbearings, rollers, and the like. If the metal-fiber or metal-powderincorporating method (2) and the carbon-fiber incorporating method (3)are employed in the production of the sliding members to enhance theirelectric conductivity, flaws may disadvantageously be formed on theiropposite members. In addition, when the sliding members, into whichcarbon fibers are incorporated, are subjected to friction over a longperiod of time, their coefficient of friction disadvantageouslyincreases.

Method (1) is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,823,217, 3,243,753,3,823,217, and 3,861,029.

In method (1), carbon blacks are used as conductive carbon particlessince the volume resistivity of the carbon blacks is lower than that ofother carbonaceous materials. Although the electric conductivity isenhanced by the carbon blacks, the sliding characteristics are soimpaired as compared with macromolecular materials free of carbon blacksthat macromolecular materials containing carbon blacks cannot be used asbearings.

Sliding resin materials containing graphite powder are known from, forexample, U.S. Pat. No. 4,302,379 and GBP No. 1,069,919.

GBP No. 1,044,028 discloses a sliding resin material containing metaloxide, carbon black, or silica as an inert filler.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a resin materialhaving both an improved electric conductivity and improved slidingcharacteristics.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a resinmaterial having not only an antistatic characteristic but also aconductive characteristic which enables the conduction of currenttherethrough and shunting of the current, if necessary, to the ground.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a sliding orrotary member of a business machine, an electronic machine, or the likewhich has a high electric conductivity and improved slidingcharacteristics.

In accordance with the objects of the present invention, there isprovided a conductive and sliding resin material having an improvedelectric conductivity and improved sliding characteristics andcomprising a thermoplastic resin, characterized by dispersing carbonblack and graphite in the thermoplastic resin. Lubricating oil can beadditionally incorporated into the thermoplastic resin according to thepresent invention.

In accordance with the objects of the present invention, there is alsoprovided a conductive and sliding resin material having an improvedelectric conductivity and improved sliding characteristics andcomprising a thermoplastic resin, characterized by dispersing carbonblack in the thermoplastic resin and by incorporating lubricating oilinto the thermoplastic resin.

Thermoplastic Resin

The thermoplastic resin can be any resinous material havingthermoplastic properties but is preferably at least one selected fromthe group consisting of polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide,polybutylenephthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyacetal. In thecase of polyacetal, either copolymer-type polyacetal or homopolymer-typepolyacetal can be used as the thermoplastic resin, but copolymer-typepolyacetal is preferred.

Graphite

Graphite enhances the sliding characteristics of the thermoplasticresin. When the sliding material according to the present inventioncontains carbon black, the sliding characteristics tend to be impaired.However, the impaired sliding characteristics are compensated for by thegraphite, and, consequently, the sliding characteristics are superior tothose of a thermoplastic resin free of carbon black. The graphite istherefore preferably dispersed at least in a minor but effective amountfor enhancing the sliding characteristics of the thermoplastic resin,into which carbon black is incorporated.

Graphite has a volume resistivity 10⁻¹⁰ times or more as low as that ofresin materials. Nevertheless, if graphite alone is incorporated intothe thermoplastic resin, the electric conductivity of the slidingmaterials cannot be appreciably enhanced at a graphite content of 40% ormore by weight. However, in sliding materials in which graphite andcarbon black are copresent, when only a small amount of graphite isincorporated, the electric conductivity is remarkably enhanced due tothe synergistic effect of the graphite and the carbon black.

The incorporated amount of graphite preferably does not exceed 40% byweight so that the strength of the sliding materials is not lessened. Ifthe strength of the sliding materials is lessened, the slidingcharacteristics thereof are deteriorated due to the deformation thereof,a reduction in the fatigue strength, or the like. In other words, due tothe synergistic effect of the graphite and the carbon black the electricconductivity of the sliding materials is high but the strength of thesliding materials is very low at a high content of graphite. Therefore,in the light of the sliding characteristics, the content of graphite ispreferably 30%, more preferably 25% and still more preferably 15%, byweight or less. The lowest incorporated amount of graphite whichappreciably improves both the electric conductivity and the slidingcharacteristics is 3% by weight. When such amount is 20% by weight,desirable sliding characteristics and a considerably high electricconductivity can be attained by adjusting the other components of thesliding materials.

The graphite is one member selected from the group consisting of naturalgraphite and, synthetic graphite but preferably is synthetic graphite.The natural graphite is soil graphite, flaky graphite, or other types ofgraphite found in nature. The synthetic graphite is obtained by heatingand crystallizing amorphous carbonaceous material obtained from coal,petroleum, coke, or the like. Synthetic graphite is preferred since thewear amount of sliding materials containing synthetic graphite is assmall as approximately one tenth that of sliding materials containingnatural graphite. The wear amount is one of the indices of the slidingcharacteristics. The other indices are a low and stable coefficient offriction, the load capacity, the lubricating characteristic, and uniformwear, as is described hereinbelow. The graphite can be in the form ofparticles, fibers, needles, frakes or the like. The grain size of thegraphite is not specifically limited but is generally 150 μm or lesspreferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less. A mininum sizeof the graphite is preferably 1 micron in the light of the slidingcharacteristics.

Carbon Black

Carbon black imparts an electric conductivity to the sliding materials.Therefore, carbon black is incorporated at least in a minor buteffective amount for enhancing the electric conductivity of thethermoplastic resin. The amount of carbon black is preferably from 7% to30% by weight when sliding materials having a considerably high electricconductivity are to be provided. The amount of carbon black ispreferably from 3% to 10% by weight when sliding materials havingsatisfactory sliding characterisitics are to be provided. When theamount of carbon black is from 7% to 10% by weight, both the slidingcharacteristics and the electric conductivity are excellent. The kind ofcarbon black is not specifically limited but is preferably acetyleneblack, produced by carbonizing acetylene, and more preferably is aspecial furnace-type carbon black consisting of ultrafine particles 10Åor less in size and commercially available under the trade name ofKetchen Black.

Lubricating Oil

Lubricating oil imparts lubricating characteristics to the slidingmaterials. Since current is conducted through the sliding materialsaccording to the present invention, the sliding materials themselvesshould have sliding characteristics. That is, if lubricating oil must besupplied to the bearing surface from an oil supplying mechanism of, forexample, a copy machine, not only do such disadvantages as shortcircuiting occur but also stable and long-term operation of the copymachine cannot be ensured. The lubricating oil is preferablyincorporated at least in a minor but effective amount for enhancing thelubricating characteristics of the sliding materials. The lubricatingoil can be impregnated into at least either the graphite or the carbonblack. In this case, the electric conductivity enhancement due to thegraphite and carbon black is lessened, but the lubricating oil can bestably retained in the sliding materials. Alternatively, the lubricatingoil can be impregnated into the thermoplastic resin material. In thiscase, the electric conductivity of the sliding materials is high sincethe electric conductivity of the graphite and carbon black is notlessened due to the lubricating oil impregnation. The lubricating oilcan be impregnated into the thermoplastic resin and into either thegraphite or the carbon black or both.

The kind of lubricating oil is not specifically limited but ispreferably one having a heat resistance of up to 250° C. The lubricatingoil can be an ordinary one but is preferably jet engine oil having aheat resistance of up to 180° C.

The amount of lubricating oil is 10% or less by weight, preferably from1.5% to 3% by weight.

Fluorine Resin

The thermoplastic resin comprises, in addition to at least one memberselected from the group consisting of polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylenesulfide, polybutylenephthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate, andpolyacetal, a fluorine plastic, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE). The fluorine plastic further improves the slidingcharacteristics improved by the graphite and/or lubricating oil. Morespecifically, when sliding materials containing a fluorine plastic areworn out nonuniformly, with the result that their contact surface withthe opposite member becomes nonuniform or they slide against one anotherwhile making contact only at local portions, further local wear issuppressed.

The fluorine plastic is present in the sliding materials preferably in afinely-divided form since a finely-divided fluorine plastic can improvethe sliding characteristics. In other words, although the fluorineplastic itself is not highly wear resistant, when it is incorporatedinto sliding materials it effectively suppresses local wear. The minimumgrain size of a finely-divided fluorine plastic which can effectivelysuppress local wear is from 7 to 8 μm. In this case, the volumeresistivity of the sliding materials is approximately 10³ Ω·cm, and,therefore, the electric conductivity property is comparable to that ofconventional macromolecular materials containing carbon black. Thefinely-divided fluorine plastic is preferably 25 μm or more in size inorder to provide the sliding materials with excellent slidingcharacteristics. The amount of fluorine plastic is usually 5% by weightor less. When the fluorine plastic is 25 μm to 40 μm in size, the amountof fluorine plastic can be 6% by weight or less.

Copresence of the Components of the Sliding Materials

Carbon black tends to increase the coefficient of friction and to lessenthe load capacity. Such a tendency is suppressed by graphite. The loadcapacity is a property of sliding materials which resists the load. Ifthe load capacity is low, the sliding materials are usually destroyeddue to the load applied thereto by the opposite member. And even if theyare not destroyed, fatigue of the sliding material is liable to occur,thereby deteriorating the sliding characteristics.

Fluorine resin, for example, PTFE, is heat-resistant but is notwear-resistant. However, when fluorine resin is copresent with one ormore components of sliding materials, it suppresses local wear of thesliding materials. Fluorine resin slightly decreases the electricconductivity. That is, the copresence of fluorine resin and one or morecomponents of the sliding materials is not advantageous for the electricconductivity of the sliding materials. It seems that, since the fluorineresin particles are present between the carbon black, the electricconductivity is lessened. Not only the carbon black but also thegraphite impart an electric conductivity to the sliding materialsaccording to the present invention, and a high electric conductivity isprovided even at a minor amount of carbon black due to the synergisticeffect of the graphite and the carbon black.

Lubricating oil tends to decrease the electric conductivity. Whenlubricating oil is impregnated into the thermoplastic resin, theelectric conductivity of the sliding materials is basically determinedby that of the graphite and/or carbon black and is high.

Process for Producing the Sliding Materials

The components of the sliding materials according to the presentinvention are prepared so that they have a predetermined grain size andweight proportions. After mixing, an appropriate amount of a couplingagent and an appropriate amount of a viscosity-adjusting agent areincorporated into the mixture. The mixture is extruded with a kneader toform pellets, and the pellets are shaped into a predetermined shape.

When a lubricating oil is to be impregnated into the graphite and/or thecarbon black, then are stirred in the lubricating oil.

The maximum amount of components is limited to enable the mixing of thecomponents with each other. For example, approximately 40% by weight ofgraphite can be mixed with the other components. In this case, since thestrength of the sliding materials is low, the sliding materials must beused for a part not exposed to a high mechanical load.

A preferable maximum amount of components is 40% by weight (in total)since the strength of the sliding materials is lessened at more than40%.

The present invention is hereinafter explained with reference to thedrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the volume resistivity and thecarbon black amount of sliding materials containing graphite particlesand carbon black particles according to the present invention and therelationship therebetween of conventional conductive resin materials.

FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the coefficient of friction (μ)and the amount of carbon black particles (CB) of sliding materialscontaining 20% or 5% by weight of graphite particles (Gr), 2% by weightof lubricating oil, 4% by weight of PTFE, and a percentage of carbonblack (CB) (indicated by the abscissa), the balance being polyacetalresin.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the coefficient of friction (μ)and the amount of graphite particles (Gr) of sliding materialscontaining 6% or 10% by weight of carbon black particles, a percentageof graphite particles (Gr) (indicated by the abscissa), 2% by weight oflubricating oil, and 4% by weight of PTFE, the balance being polyacetalresin.

FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the coefficient of friction (μ)and the amount of carbon black (CB) of sliding materials containing 20%by weight of graphite particles, 2.2% by weight of lubricating oil, 0.4%or 8% by weight of PTFE, and a percentage of carbon black particles (CB)(indicated by the abscissa), the balance being polyacetal resin.

FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the coefficient of friction (μ)and the amount of PTFE of sliding materials containing 6% by weight ofcarbon black particles, 20% by weight of graphite particles, 2% byweight of lubricating oil, and lubricating oil, and a percentage of PTFE(indicated by the abscissa), the balance being polyacetal resin.

FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the coefficient of friction (μ)and the amount of PTFE of sliding materials containing 6% by weight ofcarbon black particles, 2% by weight of lubricating oil, and apercentage of PTFE (indicated by the abscissa), the balance beingpolyacetal resin, and the relationship therebetween of sliding materialscontaining 6% by weight of carbon black particles, 4% by weight of PTFE,and a percentage of lubricating oil (OIL) (indicated by the abscissa),the balance being polyacetal resin.

FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the volume resistivity (μ) and theamount of carbon black particles (CB) of sliding materials containing20% by weight of graphite, 2% by weight of lubricating oil, 4% by weightof PTFE, and a percentage of carbon black particles (CB) (indicated bythe abscissa), the balance being polyacetal resin.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the load capacity and the amountof carbon black particles (CB) of sliding materials containing 20% or 5%by weight of graphite particles (Gr), 2% by weight of lubricating oil,4% by weight of PTFE, and a percentage of carbon black particles (CB)(indicated by the abscissa), the balance being polyacetal resin.

FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the volume resistivity (μ) and theamount of carbon black particles (CB) of sliding materials containingcarbon black particles and lubricating oil according to the presentinvention and the relationship therebetween of conventional conductiveresin materials.

FIG. 10 is a schematic drawing of a copy machine.

FIG. 11 shows the paper-feeding rollers of the copy machine shown inFIG. 10.

Properties of Sliding Materials

Referring to FIG. 1, the solid-line curve indicates the volumeresistivity of the sliding materials according to the present inventioncontaining 20% by weight of graphite particles, 4% by weight of PTFE,and a percentage of carbon black particles (CB) (indicated by theabscissa), the balance being polyacetal resin. The volume resistivity ofconventional conductive resin materials containing a percentage ofcarbon black particles (CB) (indicated by the abscissa) lies between thebroken-line curve and the horizontal line.

The volume resistivity was measured by the method for measuring theresistivity of resins, stipulated under JIS K6911.

As is clear from FIG. 1, the volume resistivity is lessened due to thecopresence of the graphite particles and the carbon black particles.

Referring to FIG. 2, it is apparent that the carbon black particles tendto increase the coefficient of friction (μ), but such a tendency ismitigated by the graphite particles.

Referring to FIG. 3, it is apparent that the graphite tend to decreasethe coefficient of friction, and the greater such a tendency is, thesmaller the amount of carbon black is.

Referring to FIG. 4, it is apparent that the PTFE tends to decrease theboefficient of friction (μ).

Referring to FIG. 5, it is apparent that the coefficient of friction (μ)decreases with an increase in the amount of PTFE from 0 to 10% by weightand becomes substantially constant at an amount of PTFE of from morethan 10% to 20% by weight.

Referring to FIG. 6, it is apparent that the volume resistivity (μ) isabruptly increased at a PTFE content and a lubricating oil content of 4%by weight or more.

Referring to FIG. 7, it is apparent that the volume resistivity isabruptly decreased at approximately 5% by weight of the carbon blackparticles.

The load capacity shown in FIG. 8 was measured under the followingconditions:

A. Testing machine: a thrust-type friction wear tester

B. Sliding speed: 0.2 m/sec

C. Load: increased stepwise by 5 kg/hr

D. Opposite member: quenched SUJ-2

E. Lubrication: dry

F. Method for applying load: thrust load

Referring to FIG. 8, it is apparent that the carbon black particles tendto lessen the load capacity, but such a tendency is mitigated by thegraphite particles.

Referring to FIG. 9, the solid-line curve indicates the volumeresistivity of the sliding materials according to the present inventioncontaining 2% by weight of lubricating oil, 4% by weight of PTFE, and apercentage of carbon black (CB) (indicated by the abscissa), the balancebeing polyacetal resin. The broken-line curve indicates the volumeresistivity of conventional conductive resin materials containing apercentage of carbon black particles (CB) (indicated by the abscissa).

It is apparent from FIG. 9 that the lubricating oil and the PTFEslightly lessen the electric conductivity, and, further, the volumeresistivity decreases with an increase in the amount of carbon blackparticles

Although the lubricating oil and PTFE are insulative, they do not makethe sliding materials insulative.

As can be understood from the descriptions above, it is possible, byappropriately selecting the amount of components, to provide slidingmaterials which exhibit an electric conductivity equivalent to orsuperior to that of conventional conductive resin materials and whichexhibit a lubricating property, a low coefficient, and a load capacitynot attained by conventional conductive resin materials.

The representative properties of sliding materials containing graphiteand carbon black are as follows.

Volume resistivity (ρ): 10¹ Ω·cm

Coefficient of friction (μ): 0.3

The representative properties of sliding materials containing graphite,carbon black, and PTFE are as follows.

Volume resistivity (ρ): 10² Ω·cm

Coefficient of friction (μ): 0.2

The representative properties of sliding materials containing graphite,carbon black, and lubricating oil are as follows.

Volume resistivity (μ): 10² Ω·cm

Coefficient of friction (μ): 0.5

The representative properties of sliding materials containing graphite,carbon black, lubricating oil, and PTFE are as follows.

Volume resistivity (o): 10² Ω·cm

Coefficient of friction (μ): 0.4

The representative properties of conventional conductive resin materialscontaining only graphite are as follows.

Volume resistivity (μ): 10³ ˜10⁴ Ω·cm

Coefficient of friction (μ): 0.7

Sliding Member

A sliding member according to the present invention comprises anelectric conductive body which is in slidable and electrical contactwith an opposite body and which is electrically grounded, the electricconductive body consisting of one of the sliding materials according tothe present invention.

An example of the sliding member is described with reference to FIGS. 10and 11.

Referring to FIG. 10, an electrostatic copy machine is denoted byreference numeral "1". The electrostatic copy machine shown in FIG. 10is known per se and comprises a photosensitive body 2, a magnet roller3, a suction belt 4, a pair of fixation rollers 5, 6, rotary shafts 7,8, 9, around which the suction belt 4 is wound, paper reservoircassettes 0, 11, paper-supplying rollers 12, 13, and two pairs ofpaper-feeding rollers 14, 14'.

The three paper-feeding rollers 14 are shown in FIG. 11. Thepaper-feeding rollers 14 comprise a cylindrical steel shaft 15. Thecylindrical shaft 15 is coated with a vinyl chloride coating 16 aroundthe central part thereof. The ends of the paper feeding rollers 14 aresmaller sized than the central part, are not covered by the vinylchloride coating 16, and are directly supported by the bearings 18 in asleeve form. The bearings 18 consist of one of the sliding materialsaccording to the present invention and are grounded to the electrostaticcopy machine 1 (FIG. 10). Therefore, the electric charges of thecylindrical steel shaft 15 can be conducted to the ground via thesliding bearings 18.

During the rotation of the paper-feeding rolls 14, the sliding bearings18 exhibit a stable friction property and an improved wear resistanceover a long operation time of the electrostatic copy machine 1. Theelectrostatic copy machine 1 therefore becomes very reliable whilelessening the exchange of the sliding bearings 18. In addition,maintenance of the sliding bearings 18 is unnecessary, and the slidingbearings 18 can be small-sized due to an improved load capacity of thesliding materials.

In addition to the bearings as described above, other sliding memberswhich are grounded or through which electricity is conducted can bemanufactured using any sliding materials according to the presentinvention. Such sliding members can be used in VTRs, textile machines,and a pooley belt. Furthermore, a thrust bearing can be provided by thesliding materials according to the present invention can be used.

The shaft can be supported by both sliding and thrust bearings which aremanufactured using any sliding material according to the presentinvention. In this case, one or both of the sliding and thrust bearingsare grounded.

The shaft of a bearing can be made of metal resin material. The weightof the bearing structure can be reduced by using a resin shaft andcurrent is conducted through the thrust shaft and thrust bearing. Thesliding materials according to the present invention are appropriate forthe thrust bearing since they exhibit a high load capacity. Even whenthe shaft, i.e., the opposite member of the sliding materials accordingto the present invention, is made of resin material, it is not scratchedby the sliding materials.

The present invention is further described by way of examples.

EXAMPLE 1

Sliding materials having the compositions shown in Table 1 wereprepared. In Table 1, POM: copolymer-type polyacetal, CB: carbon blackparticles (trade name, Ketchen Black), Gr: graphite particles(synthetized graphite particles of a standard G117 produced by TokaiCarbon), 4F: PTFE.

The mixture of POM and the like was kneaded, pelletized, and shaped intosamples.

The wear amount was measured under the following conditions:

A. Testing machine: a thrust-type friction wear tester

B. Sliding speed: 0.2 m/sec

C. Load:

2.5 kg for the first 10 minutes and then

10 kg (constant)

D. Sliding length: 10 km

E. Opposite member: quenched SUJ-2

F. Lubrication: dry

The testing conditions for obtaining the load capacity were the same asthose described above.

                                      TABLE 1                                     __________________________________________________________________________                    Volume Wear Coefficient                                                                         Load                                                        Resistivity                                                                          Amount                                                                             of Friction                                                                         Capacity                                    No.                                                                              POM CB Gr 4F (Ω · cm)                                                              (mg) (μ)                                                                              (kg)                                        __________________________________________________________________________     1 rem 2.0                                                                              20 -- .sup. 2 × 10.sup.12                                                            8    0.24  30                                           2 rem 3.0                                                                              20 -- 1 × 10.sup.9                                                                   8    0.24  30                                           3 rem 3.1                                                                              20 -- 7 × 10.sup.8                                                                   8    0.24  30                                           4 rem 3.6                                                                              20 -- 5 × 10.sup.6                                                                   8    0.25  30                                           5 rem 4.1                                                                              20 -- 2 × 10.sup.3                                                                   9    0.25  30                                           6 rem 5.1                                                                              20 -- 8 × 10.sup.2                                                                   9    0.25  30                                           7 rem 5.6                                                                              20 -- 6 × 10.sup.1                                                                   9    0.26  30                                           8 rem 5.9                                                                              20 -- 1.2 × 10.sup.1                                                                 9    0.27  30                                           9 rem 7.1                                                                              20 -- 9      10   0.29  30                                          10 rem 9.9                                                                              20 -- 8      25   0.52  25                                          11 rem 14.9                                                                             8  -- 8      100  0.59  20                                          12 rem 19.9                                                                             8  -- 7      420  0.6   15                                          13 rem 29.8                                                                             8  -- 7      440  0.6   15                                          14 rem 6  0.5                                                                              -- 1 × 10.sup.9                                                                   90   0.6   15                                          15 rem 6  2.1                                                                              -- 8 × 10.sup.7                                                                   20   0.6   15                                          16 rem 6  3.0                                                                              -- 6 × 10.sup.5                                                                   16   0.59  15                                          17 rem 6  3.1                                                                              -- 8 × 10.sup.4                                                                   15   0.58  20                                          18 rem 6  4.0                                                                              -- 1 × 10.sup.4                                                                   13   0.57  20                                          19 rem 6  5.1                                                                              -- 3 × 10.sup.3                                                                   12   0.56  20                                          20 rem 6  8.2                                                                              -- 1 × 10.sup.3                                                                   12   0.55  20                                          21 rem 6  10.1                                                                             -- 4 × 10.sup.2                                                                   11   0.50  20                                          22 rem 6  15.2                                                                             -- 2 × 10.sup.2                                                                   10   0.39  25                                          23 rem 6  16.6                                                                             -- 8 × 10.sup.1                                                                   10   0.37  25                                          24 rem 6  17.8                                                                             -- 1.4 × 10.sup.1                                                                 9    0.33  30                                          25 rem 6  19.8                                                                             -- 1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   9    0.27  30                                          26 rem 6  24.8                                                                             -- 9      22   0.26  30                                          27 rem 6  29.6                                                                             -- 9      80   0.25  30                                          28 rem 2.0                                                                              20 4  .sup. 2 × 10.sup.14                                                            3.0  0.19  40                                          29 rem 3.0                                                                              20 4  .sup. 5 × 10.sup.12                                                            3.5  0.19  40                                          30 rem 3.1                                                                              20 4  8 × 10.sup.1                                                                   4.0  0.19  40                                          31 rem 3.6                                                                              20 4  2 × 10.sup.8                                                                   4.5  0.20  35                                          32 rem 4.1                                                                              20 4  8 × 10.sup.3                                                                   5.0  0.20  35                                          33 rem 5.1                                                                              20 4  1.5 × 10.sup.2                                                                 5.5  0.20  35                                          34 rem 5.6                                                                              20 4  2 × 10.sup.1                                                                   6.0  0.21  35                                          35 rem 5.9                                                                              20 4  1.8 × 10.sup.1                                                                 6.5  0.21  35                                          36 rem 7.1                                                                              20 4  1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   7    0.25  30                                          37 rem 9.9                                                                              20 4  1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   22   0.5   25                                          38 rem 14.9                                                                             5  4  1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   85   0.6   20                                          39 rem 19.9                                                                             5  4  1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   410  0.6   15                                          40 rem 29.8                                                                             5  4  1 ×  10.sup.1                                                                  430  0.6   15                                          41 rem 6  0.5                                                                              4  5 × 10.sup.9                                                                   60   0.59  15                                          42 rem 6  2.1                                                                              4  2 × 10.sup.8                                                                   4.5  0.58  20                                          43 rem 6  3.0                                                                              4  2 × 10.sup.6                                                                   3.0  0.58  20                                          44 rem 6  3.1                                                                              4  1 × 10.sup.6                                                                   2.8  0.57  20                                          45 rem 6  4.0                                                                              4  1 × 10.sup.5                                                                   2.5  0.56  20                                          46 rem 6  5.1                                                                              4  8 × 10.sup.3                                                                   2.4  0.55  25                                          47 rem 6  8.2                                                                              4  2 × 10.sup.3                                                                   2.3  0.53  25                                          48 rem 6  10.1                                                                             4  8 × 10.sup.2                                                                   2.2  0.42  25                                          49 rem 6  15.2                                                                             4  5 × 10.sup.2                                                                   2.1  0.35  30                                          50 rem 6  16.6                                                                             4  1 × 10.sup.2                                                                   2.1  0.30  30                                          51 rem 6  17.8                                                                             4  6 × 10.sup.1                                                                   2.1  0.26  35                                          52 rem 6  19.8                                                                             4  1.4 × 10.sup.1                                                                 2.0  0.22  35                                          53 rem 6  29.6                                                                             4  1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   40   0.20  40                                          54 rem 6  20 -- 1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   2.6  0.27  30                                          55 rem 6  20 0.6                                                                              1.1 ×  10.sup.1                                                                2.5  0.25  30                                          56 rem 6  20 1.1                                                                              1.1 × 10.sup.1                                                                 2.4  0.24  30                                          57 rem 6  20 2.1                                                                              1.2 × 10.sup.1                                                                 2.3  0.22  35                                          58 rem 6  20 2.6                                                                              1.2 × 10.sup.1                                                                 2.1  0.21  35                                          59 rem 6  20 3.7                                                                              1.3 × 10.sup.1                                                                 2.0  0.21  35                                          60 rem 6  20 3.9                                                                              1.4 × 10.sup.1                                                                 2.0  0.21  35                                          61 rem 6  20 4.9                                                                              2 × 10.sup.3                                                                   1.7  0.19  40                                          62 rem 6  20 6.9                                                                              5 × 10.sup.5                                                                   1.8  0.18  40                                          63 rem 8  10 9.7                                                                              5 × 10.sup.3                                                                   2.0  0.20  45                                          64 rem 8  10 11.0                                                                             8 × 10.sup.4                                                                   3.0  0.19  45                                          65 rem 8  10 14.5                                                                             2 × 10.sup.7                                                                   12   0.18  50                                          66 rem 8  10 19.9                                                                             .sup. 5 × 10.sup.10                                                            55   0.18  50                                          67 rem 8  10 22.0                                                                             .sup. 8 × 10.sup.13                                                            110  0.18  50                                          __________________________________________________________________________

Sample Nos. 9, 10, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35, 36, and 52 through 60 had bothparticularly good sliding characteristics and a particularly highelectric conductivity.

Instead of POM, polyimide was used. In this case, virtually the sameproperties as those in Table 1 were obtained.

EXAMPLE 2

Sliding materials having the compositions shown in Table 2 were preparedby the same procedure as in Example 1. OIL (Gr) in Table 2 indicates jetengine oil, a part of which was impregnated into the graphite particles.

                                      TABLE 2                                     __________________________________________________________________________                         Volume Wear Coefficient                                                                         Load                                                        Resistivity                                                                          Amount                                                                             of Friction                                                                         Capacity                               No.                                                                              POM CB Gr OIL(Gr)                                                                            4F (Ω · cm)                                                              (mg) (μ)                                                                              (kg)                                   __________________________________________________________________________    68 rem 2.0                                                                              20 2.2  4  .sup. 3 × 10.sup.14                                                            1.6  0.19  45                                     69 rem 3.0                                                                              20 2.2  4  .sup. 9 × 10.sup.12                                                            1.7  0.19  45                                     70 rem 3.1                                                                              20 2.2  4  .sup. 9 × 10.sup.12                                                            1.7  0.19  40                                     71 rem 3.6                                                                              20 2.2  4  7 × 10.sup.8                                                                   1.8  0.20  40                                     72 rem 4.1                                                                              20 2.2  4  3 × 10.sup.4                                                                   1.8  0.20  40                                     73 rem 5.1                                                                              20 2.2  4  5 × 10.sup.2                                                                   1.8  0.20  40                                     74 rem 5.6                                                                              20 2.2  4  3 × 10.sup.1                                                                   1.8  0.20  40                                     75 rem 5.9                                                                              20 2.2  4  2 × 10.sup.1                                                                   1.8  0.20  40                                     76 rem 7.1                                                                              20 2.2  4  1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   5    0.24  35                                     77 rem 9.9                                                                              20 2.2  4  1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   20   0.5   25                                     78 rem 14.9                                                                             5  2.2  4  1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   25   0.6   20                                     79 rem 19.9                                                                             5  2.2  4  1 × 10.sup.1                                                                   400  0.6   10                                     80 rem 6  2  2.2  4  4 × 10.sup.8                                                                   5.2  0.6   25                                     81 rem 6  3.0                                                                              2.2  4  3 × 10.sup.6                                                                   5.2  0.6   25                                     82 rem 6  3.1                                                                              2.2  4  2 × 10.sup.6                                                                   5.2  0.6   25                                     83 rem 6  4.0                                                                              2.2  4  2 × 10.sup.5                                                                   5.1  0.6   25                                     84 rem 6  5.1                                                                              2.2  4  9 × 10.sup.4                                                                   5.0  0.55  25                                     85 rem 6  8.2                                                                              2.2  4  3 × 10.sup.4                                                                   5.0  0.55  30                                     86 rem 6  10.1                                                                             2.2  4  6 × 10.sup.3                                                                   4.8  0.42  30                                     87 rem 6  15.2                                                                             2.2  4  7 × 10.sup.2                                                                   4.1  0.34  35                                     88 rem 6  16.6                                                                             2.2  4  2 × 10.sup.2                                                                   3.8  0.28  35                                     89 rem 6  17.8                                                                             2.2  4  7 × 10.sup.1                                                                   2.7  0.24  35                                     90 rem 6  19.8                                                                             2.2  4  2 × 10.sup.1                                                                   1.8  0.20  40                                     91 rem 6  20 0.1  4  1 × 10.sup. 1                                                                  2.1  0.20  35                                     92 rem 6  20 0.6  4  1.5 × 10.sup.1                                                                 1.9  0.20  35                                     93 rem 6  20 1.6  4  1.5 × 10.sup.1                                                                 1.9  0.19  35                                     94 rem 6  20 1.9  4  2 × 10.sup.1                                                                   1.9  0.19  40                                     95 rem 6  20 2.0  4  2 × 10.sup.1                                                                   1.8  0.19  40                                     96 rem 6  20 2.2  4  2 × 10.sup.1                                                                   1.8  0.19  40                                     97 rem 6  20 2.4  4  3 × 10.sup.1                                                                   1.9  0.18  40                                     98 rem 6  20 2.8  4  7 × 10.sup.1                                                                   2.4  0.18  45                                     99 rem 6  20 3.3  4  3 × 10.sup.2                                                                   3.7  0.18  45                                     100                                                                              rem 6  20 3.9  4  7 × 10.sup.2                                                                   5.2  0.18  50                                     101                                                                              rem 6  20 4.4  4  1 × 10.sup.3                                                                   7.7  0.18  50                                     102                                                                              rem 6  20 4.8  4  5 × 10.sup.3                                                                   18.2 0.18  40                                     103                                                                              rem 6  20 8.9  4  6 × 10.sup.4                                                                   30   0.32  30                                     104                                                                              rem 6  20 9.9  4  .sup. 1 × 10.sup.12                                                            62   0.40  20                                     105                                                                              rem 6  20 12.0 4  .sup. 1 × 10.sup.14                                                            125.25                                                                             0.47  20                                     106                                                                              rem 6  20 2    3.9                                                                              5 × 10.sup.2                                                                   1.8  0.18  40                                     107                                                                              rem 6  20 2    4.7                                                                              1.9 × 10.sup.3                                                                 1.8  0.17  45                                     108                                                                              rem 6  20 2    4.9                                                                              2.3 × 10.sup.3                                                                 1.8  0.17  45                                     109                                                                              rem 6  20 2    5.4                                                                              3 × 10.sup.4                                                                   1.7  0.17  45                                     110                                                                              rem 6  20 2    5.8                                                                              5 × 10.sup.8                                                                   1.7  0.16  45                                     111                                                                              rem 6  20 2    6.9                                                                              .sup. 1 × 10.sup.14                                                            1.7  0.16  45                                     112                                                                              rem 6  20 2    8.0                                                                              .sup. 1 × 10.sup.14                                                            1.6  0.15  50                                     113                                                                              rem 6  20 2    9.7                                                                              .sup. 1 × 10.sup.14                                                            1.6  0.15  50                                     114                                                                              rem 6  20 2    11.0                                                                             .sup. 1 × 10.sup.14                                                            1.6  0.15  50                                     115                                                                              rem 6  20 2    14.5                                                                             .sup. 1 × 10.sup.14                                                            1.5  0.14  55                                     116                                                                              rem 6  20 2    17.8                                                                             .sup. 1 ×  10.sup.14                                                           1.5  0.14  55                                     117                                                                              rem 6  20 2    19.9                                                                             .sup. 1 × 10.sup.14                                                            1.5  0.14  55                                     118                                                                              rem 6  20 2    22.0                                                                             .sup. 1 × 10.sup.14                                                            1.5  0.14  55                                     __________________________________________________________________________

Samp1e Nos. 74, 75, 76, and 90 through 97 had both particularly goodsliding characteristics and a high electric conductivity.

Instead of POM, polyimide was used. In this case, virtually the sameproperties as those in Table 1 were obtained.

Example 3

Sliding materials having the compositions shown in Table 3 were preparedby the same procedure as in Example 1. OIL (Gr) in Table 3 indicates jetengine oil, a part of which was impregnated into the graphite particles.

                                      TABLE 3                                     __________________________________________________________________________                         Volume Coefficient                                                                         Load                                                             Resistivity                                                                          of Friction                                                                         Capacity                                    No. POM CB  OIL(Gr)                                                                            4F  (Ω · cm)                                                              (μ)                                                                              (kg)                                        __________________________________________________________________________    119 rem 2.0 2    4   10.sup.14 or more                                                                    0.3   35                                          120 rem 3.0 2    4   1 × 10.sup.14                                                                  0.3   30                                          121 rem 3.1 2    4   1 × 10.sup.14                                                                  0.35  30                                          122 rem 4.1 2    4   2 × 10.sup.13                                                                  0.35  30                                          123 rem 5.1 2    4   2 × 10.sup.12                                                                  0.35  30                                          124 rem 5.6 2    4   3 × 10.sup.11                                                                  0.40  30                                          125 rem 5.9 2    4   1 × 10.sup.5                                                                   0.4   30                                          126 rem 7.1 2    4   3 × 10.sup.4                                                                   0.4   30                                          127 rem 9.9 2    4   1 × 10.sup.3                                                                   0.45  25                                          128 rem 14.9                                                                              2    4   1 × 10.sup.2                                                                   0.5   25                                          129 rem 19.9                                                                              2    4   1 × 10.sup.2                                                                   0.5   20                                          130 rem 24.8                                                                              2    4   1      0.6   15                                          131 rem 29.9                                                                              2    4   1      0.6   15                                          132 rem 6   0    4   10.sup.11                                                                            0.4   30                                          133 rem 6   0.1  4   10.sup.11                                                                            0.4   30                                          134 rem 6   0.6  4   10.sup.11                                                                            0.4   30                                          135 rem 6   1.6  4   10.sup.11                                                                            0.4   30                                          136 rem 6   1.9  4   2 × 10.sup.11                                                                  0.4   30                                          137 rem 6   2.0  4   1 × 10.sup.11                                                                  0.4   30                                          138 rem 6   2.2  4   2 × 10.sup.12                                                                  0.4   30                                          139 rem 6   2.4  4   3 × 10.sup.13                                                                  0.4   30                                          140 rem 6   2.8  4   1 × 10.sup.14                                                                  0.35  35                                          141 rem 6   3.3  4   2 × 10.sup.14                                                                  0.35  35                                          142 rem 6   3.9  4   3 × 10.sup.14                                                                  0.35  35                                          143 rem 6   4.4  4   10.sup.14                                                                            0.35  35                                          144 rem 6   4.8  4   10.sup.14                                                                            0.35  35                                          145 rem 6   7.7  4   10.sup.14                                                                            0.3   40                                          146 rem 6   9.9  4   10.sup.14                                                                            0.3   40                                          147 rem 6   12.0 4   10.sup.14 or more                                                                    0.3   40                                          148 rem 8   1.6  4   10.sup.11                                                                            0.4   30                                          149 rem 8   2.0  4   10.sup.11                                                                            0.4   30                                          150 rem 8   2.2  4   10.sup.12                                                                            0.4   30                                          151 rem 8   2.8  4   10.sup.13                                                                            0.35  30                                          152 rem 8   3.3  4   10.sup.13                                                                            0.35  35                                          153 rem 8   4.8  4   10.sup.14                                                                            0.35  35                                          154 rem 6   2    0   × 10.sup.9.sup.                                                                0.6   25                                          155 rem 6   2    0.6 × 10.sup.10                                                                    0.55  25                                          156 rem 6   2    1.0 × 10.sup.11                                                                    0.55  30                                          157 rem 6   2    1.2 × 10.sup.11                                                                    0.5   30                                          158 rem 6   2    2.1 × 10.sup.11                                                                    0.5   30                                          159 rem 6   2    3.1 × 10.sup.11                                                                    0.5   30                                          160 rem 6   2    3.7 × 10.sup.11                                                                    0.45  30                                          161 rem 6   2    3.9 × 10.sup.11                                                                    0.4   30                                          162 rem 6   2    4.7 × 10.sup.12                                                                    0.4   30                                          163 rem 6   2    4.9 × 10.sup.12                                                                    0.4   30                                          164 rem 6   2    5.4 × 10.sup.13                                                                    0.35  35                                          165 rem 6   2    5.8 × 10.sup.13                                                                    0.35  35                                          166 rem 6   2    6.9 × 10.sup.13                                                                    0.35  35                                          167 rem 6   2    8.0 × 10.sup.13                                                                    0.30  35                                          168 rem 6   2    9.7 × 10.sup.14                                                                    0.30  35                                          169 rem 6   2    11.0                                                                              × 10.sup.14                                                                    0.30  40                                          170 rem 6   2    14.5                                                                              × 10.sup.14                                                                    0.25  40                                          171 rem 6   2    17.8                                                                              × 10.sup.14                                                                    0.25  40                                          172 rem 6   2    19.9                                                                              × 10.sup.14                                                                    0.25  40                                          173 rem 6   2    22.0                                                                              × 10.sup.14                                                                    0.25  40                                          __________________________________________________________________________

As is apparent from Table 3, the volume resistivity varies from 10⁰ to10¹⁴ Ω·cm, the coefficient of friction (μ) varies from 0.3 to 0.6, andthe load capacity varies from 25 to 40 kg.

The sliding characteristics represented by the coefficient of friction(μ) and the load capacity in Table 3 generally are not as excellent asare those in Tables 1 and 2. However, due to the pressure of thelubricating oil, the samples in Table 3 have a good and stable slidingproperty.

Sample Nos. 145, 146, and 169 through 173 had particularly good slidingcharacteristics.

Sample Nos. 130 and 131 had a particularly high electric conductivity.

Sample Nos. 127, 128, and 129 had both good sliding characteristics anda high electric conductivity.

We claim:
 1. A conductive and sliding resin material having an improvedelectric conductivity and improved sliding characteristics andconsisting of (A) a thermoplastic resin selected from the groupconsisting of polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide,polybutylenephthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate and polyacetal, (B) 3 to30% by weight of carbon black, (C) 3 to 40% by weight of graphite, and(D) 1.5 to 10% by weight of lubricating oil.
 2. A conductive and slidingresin material according to claim 1, wherein said graphite is selectedfrom the group consisting of natural graphite and synthetic graphite. 3.A conductive and sliding resin material according to claim 2, whereinsaid graphite is synthetic graphite.
 4. A conductive and sliding resinmaterial according to claim 1, wherein said carbon black is in the formof ultrafine particles 10 Å or less in size.
 5. A conductive and slidingresin material according to claim 1, wherein said lubricating oil isimpregnated into at least one of said carbon black and graphite.
 6. Aconductive and sliding resin material according to claim 5, wherein saidlubricating oil is impregnated into said graphite.